Those digestive enzymes break down dietary fat, enabling the rapid absorption of calorie-dense foods. Concurrently, the microbes release bioactive compounds.
These compounds stimulate the absorptive cells in the intestine to package and transport fat for absorption. Over time, the steady presence of these microbes can lead to over-nutrition and obesity. The goals of the study, published April 11, in the journal Cell Host and Microbe , were to find out if microbes were required for digestion and absorption of fats, to begin to learn which microbes were involved, and to assess the role of diet-induced microbes on the digestion and uptake of fats.
The germ-free mice, even when fed a high-fat diet, were unable to digest or absorb fatty foods. They did not gain weight. Instead, they had elevated lipid levels in their stool. SPF mice that received a high-fat diet did gain weight. This diet quickly boosted the abundance of certain microbes in the small intestine, including microbes from the Clostridiaceae and Peptostreptococcaceae families. A member of Clostridiaceae was found to specifically impact fat absorption. The abundance of other bacterial families decreased on a high-fat diet including Bifidobacteriacaea and Bacteriodacaea, which are commonly associated with leanness.
When germ-free mice were subsequently introduced to microbes that contribute to fat digestion, they quickly gained the ability to absorb lipids. These microbes are then able to allow the host to digest this high-fat diet and absorb fats.
Broad-spectrum antibiotics can stabilize the gut microbiota by reducing the number of intestinal bacteria. Addressing the underlying condition is the only way to cure SIBO. Dietary changes are useful for managing SIBO, but there is little concrete evidence to confirm which specific diet is best. Doctors still do not fully understand the role of dietary changes in SIBO treatment. People will also benefit from treating any underlying medical conditions, such as celiac disease or diabetes, that contribute to SIBO.
Gut bacteria feed on carbohydrates. In general, the SIBO diet limits carbohydrate intake to prevent bacteria from growing. FODMAPs are short-chain carbohydrates that are commonly present in dairy products, grains, and certain fruits and vegetables.
Reducing the intake of these foods may relieve the symptoms of SIBO and help people identify the foods that trigger them. The elemental diet is another option for people with SIBO. It is a liquid-based diet that doctors use to treat severe digestive illnesses.
This diet supplies nutrients in an easy-to-digest form, making it possible for the body to absorb most of them before the bacteria can feed on them. Although the elemental diet seems promising, it is expensive, complicated, and not sustainable. People are not allowed solid food or any drinks other than water during the diet. It is vital to speak to a doctor before attempting this diet.
Different dietary changes work for different people depending on their symptoms and how they react to specific foods. People who have SIBO can work with a doctor or nutritionist to tailor their diet to manage their symptoms. Abnormally large populations of bacteria in the small intestine can have negative effects on the entire body. Bacterial overgrowth can make it difficult for the body to absorb fats and carbohydrates from food.
It can also lead to vitamin deficiencies and excess gas. Many people report SIBO symptoms months after completing antibiotic therapy. Prevention is a vital component of SIBO management. People usually develop SIBO as a result of an underlying medical condition or a physical defect in the small intestine.
Dietary and lifestyle changes may also prevent SIBO from returning. Bacteria can compete for available food. And compounds produced through the bacterial break-down of stagnant food can also trigger diarrhea. Together, these effects of bacterial overgrowth result in diarrhea, malnutrition and weight loss. Vitamin deficiency. As a result of incomplete absorption of fats, your body can't fully absorb the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K.
Bacteria in the small intestine synthesize as well as use vitamin B, which is essential for the normal functioning of your nervous system and the production of blood cells and DNA. The overgrowth of bacteria can result in B deficiency that can lead to weakness, fatigue, tingling, and numbness in your hands and feet and, in advanced cases, to mental confusion. Damage to your central nervous system resulting from B deficiency may be irreversible.
Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth SIBO occurs when there is an abnormal increase in the overall bacterial population in the small intestine — particularly types of bacteria not commonly found in that part of the digestive tract.
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Gastrointestinal tract Your digestive tract stretches from your mouth to your anus. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Ramirez PT, et al. Management of bowel surgery complications. In: Principles of Gynecologic Oncology Surgery.
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