Jennifer put a new washer in the bathroom faucet before leaving for the party; Mai figured out how to fix the garbage disposal. Jennifer put a new washer in the bathroom faucet before leaving for the party, and Mai figured out how to fix the garbage disposal.
If you choose to coordinate two independent clauses using a semicolon, you have another option. You may choose to add a conjunctive adverb followed by a comma-the adverb acts rather like an introductory phrase after the semicolon:. Jennifer put a new washer in the bathroom faucet before leaving for the party; moreover, Mai figured out how to fix the garbage disposal. A conjunctive adverb adds meaning or clarifies the relationship between the two clauses.
See how choosing a different conjunctive adverb subtly changes the meaning of the pair:. Jennifer put a new washer in the bathroom faucet before leaving for the party; however, Mai figured out how to fix the garbage disposal.
Coordinating Independent Clauses Method 1 Semicolon Independent clause ; Independent clause Semicolon with conjunctive adverb and comma Independent clause ;moreover, ;however, ;consequently, ;indeed, ;nevertheless, ;therefore, Independent clause Method 2 Comma and coordinating conjunction Independent clause , for , and , nor , but , or , yet , so Independent clause.
Note: Do not try to join two independent clauses with a simple comma. This error is called a comma splice. Furthermore, do not try to join two independent clauses with a coordinating conjunction alone, omitting the comma. This error is called a run-on. Dependent clauses are needy In contrast to an independent clause, a dependent clause is incomplete; it is a type of sentence fragment.
A dependent clause may contain a subject and a verb, but it begins a thought that it doesn't finish:. Because Amy left the iron on. When the firemen arrived at the dorm. The words that are to blame for making the above dependent clauses dependent are the words because and when. Inquiring minds want to know-what happened as a result of the iron being left on? What happened when the fire department reached the dorm?
Like a needy roommate, these dependent clauses need to lean on something stronger. In the following examples we have added independent clauses for the dependent clauses to lean on:. The dorm's obsolete wiring melted and started a fire because Amy left the iron on. Jennifer and Mai had already put out the fire when the firemen arrive at the dorm. When you join a dependent clause to an independent clause, you are not joining equals.
Every sentence MUST contain at least one clause, but it may contain more than one. For example:. This is a coordinating conjunction. It is used to join two independent clauses which are equally important. A coordinating conjunction usually comes in the middle of a sentence, and it usually follows a comma unless both clauses are very short.
These are the most important coordinating conjunctions:. When you are sure that you understand the lesson, you can continue with the exercises. That confuses most analogies between universities and profit-making enterprises. Georgetown, for example, has eliminated one-third of its graduate programs in the past five years and recently decided to close its dental school.
This is an accordion element with a series of buttons that open and close related content panels. U niversity of W isconsin —Madison. Definition of Coordinating Conjunctions Coordinating conjunctions join grammatically similar elements two nouns, two verbs, two modifiers, two independent clauses : and or nor so but for yet How to punctuate coordinating conjunctions When a coordinating conjunction joins two independent clauses, a comma is used before the coordinating conjunction unless the two independent clauses are very short.
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